Polihistor
Russia's ghost fleet. How is Moscow circumventing sanctions?
Are sanctions on Russia working? Are they effective in restricting Russian oil trade on global markets?
The latest report from the Kyiv School of Economics reveals that Russian oil is still widely available thanks to the so-called ‘shadow fleet’, a mysterious network of tankers that allows sanctions to be circumvented. In their analysis, Bartek Gajos and Ernest Wyciszkiewicz detail how Russia is circumventing sanctions by using a variety of tactics to maintain oil exports. The experts identify loopholes in the restrictions that the Kremlin is effectively exploiting.
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